This Research Program aims to make it clear, how various in modern western world by time and place the communications were, and what characteristics we can find out in the process of their development. So the first of the fruits we have got is in the 10 research papers written individually and now compiled in the Research Report, ranging widely from 'Printing Technology and Reformation in Early Modern Germany' by NAGATA, to 'Cookbooks : Cooking Information and Modernity in European World' by MINAMI.
Generally speaking, by the comprehensive group studies on various communications in modern Europe, we can get some findings in their development as follows :
1.The development of communications in modern Europe has three periods or stages : early modern, modern, and late modern. But in early modern period, the development was not straightforward, at times new technologies in printing and new media in publishing didn't be accepted by people and societies, which were not mature enough to be reading-public.
2.In modern period, a lot of periodicals emerged and developed in corresponding to the rise of the reading-public, who sought to know much informations conveyed and communicated in printed form as well as in oral form. But the old-typed communications survived in here and there.
3.In late modern period, the mass-media society has been brought into existence, where the formal communications are predominant in every part of society, but informal or counter-communication media have some places in human networks.
