Anatomical study of pectoral intercostal perforators and clinical study of the pectoral intercostal perforator flap for hand reconstruction

Kotoho Oki
Masahiro Murakami
Kumiko Tanuma
Rei Ogawa
Hitoshi Ozawa
Hiko Hyakusoku

BACKGROUND:: The authors have used pectoral intercostal perforator flaps to reconstruct burned or injured hands by staged transfer. This flap is designed with a narrow skin pedicle that includes intercostal perforators from the fifth to eighth intercostal spaces
 with a wide flap area that lies on the upper abdomen. The distal area is thinned down to the subdermal vascular network level thus
 such flaps are called "superthin flaps" or subdermal vascular network flaps. In this article
 the authors discuss the arterial networks associated with this flap and present clinical cases. METHODS:: The authors performed an anatomical study using 13 cadavers to obtain angiograms and dissect the anterior chest and abdominal region. Clinically
 the authors retrospectively analyzed 21 cases over 13 years. RESULTS:: Anatomically
 the anterior intercostal regions could be divided into three segments with regard to vascular supply to the skin and subcutaneous layer. In particular
 in the fifth to eighth intercostal spaces
 perforators communicated with one another to form a "latticework" pattern. In addition
 the vascular territories participating in the pectoral intercostal perforator flap
 that is
 the intercostal perforators
 the superior epigastric artery system
 and the deep inferior epigastric artery system
 linked with each other through choke vessels. In the authors' clinical cases
 functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS:: The pectoral intercostal perforator flap was supported by the arterial networks among perforators in the intercostal spaces and in the upper abdomen. This flap is one useful method for reconstruction of the hand region
 providing good quality in terms of thinness and texture. c 2009 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

123

6

10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181a65ac3

https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181a65ac3