This study reexamined modern European Republicanism through an international comparison of the conception of the "Republic with King". As a result, this research clarified the diverse existences and evolutions of the Jacobins' ideas and movements of the "Republic with King" in Hungary, Germany, Poland, Sweden and Austria. Furthermore, it located the origin of such ideas of "Republic with King" in these regions in the early-modern reinterpretation of the ancient Roman Republic by the political humanists in the sixteenth century. Thus, this study proved that this constitutional concept worked as a guiding principle to justify the enlightened absolute monarchy in these areas. In this way, this principle was widely expanded in Central and Eastern Europe in the 1790s.
